A. Definitions

19. For the purposes of this chapter, the term:

a) “Driving beam headlamp” means a lamp used to illuminate the road over a long distance ahead of the vehicle;

b) “Passing beam headlamp” means a lamp used to illuminate the road ahead of the vehicle without causing undue dazzle or discomfort to oncoming drivers and other road users;

c) “Adaptive front lighting system” means a lighting device providing beams with differing characteristics for automatic adaptation to varying conditions of use of the passing beam and/or the driving beam;

d) “Cornering lamp” means a lamp used to provide supplementary illumination of that part of the road which is located near the forward corner of the vehicle at the side towards which the vehicle is going to turn;

e) ‘Bend lighting” means a lighting function to provide enhanced illumination in bends;

f) “Front position lamp” means a lamp used to indicate the presence and the width of the vehicle when viewed from the front;

g) “Rear position lamp” means a lamp used to indicate the presence and the width of the vehicle when viewed from the rear;

h) “Stop lamp” means a lamp used to indicate to other road users to the rear of the vehicle that the longitudinal movement of the vehicle is intentionally retarded;

i) “Front fog lamp” means a lamp used to improve the illumination of the road ahead of the vehicle in case of fog or any similar condition of reduced visibility;

j) “Rear fog lamp” means a lamp used to make the vehicle more visible from the rear in fog or any similar condition of reduced visibility;

k) “Reversing lamp” means a lamp used to illuminate the road to the rear of the vehicle and provide a warning signal to other road users that the vehicle is reversing or about to reverse, or, in the case of optional additional reversing lamps, to provide illumination to the side for slow manoeuvres;

l) “Manoeuvring lamp” means a lamp used to provide supplementary illumination to the side of the vehicle to assist during slow manoeuvres;

m) “Direction-indicator lamp” means a lamp used to indicate to other road users that the driver intends to change direction to the right or to the left;

n) “Parking lamp” means a lamp which is used to draw attention to the presence of a parked vehicle in a built-up area. In such circumstances it may replace the front and rear position lamps;

o) “End-outline marker lamp” means a lamp fitted near to the extreme outer edge and as close as possible to the top of the vehicle and intended to indicate clearly the vehicle’s overall width. This lamp is intended, for certain motor vehicles and trailers, to complement the vehicle’s front and rear position lamps by drawing particular attention to its bulk;

p) “Hazard warning signal” means a signal given by the simultaneous functioning of a vehicle’s direction-indicator lamps;

q) “Side marker lamp” means a lamp used to indicate the presence of the vehicle when viewed from the side;

r) “Special warning lamp” means a lamp intended to indicate either priority vehicles, or a vehicle, or a group of vehicles whose presence on the road may constitute a danger or inconvenience to other road users;

s) “Rear registration plate lamp” means a device used to illuminate the space reserved for the rear registration plate; such a device may consist of several optical components;

t) “Daytime running lamp” means a lamp intended to make the vehicle more visible from in front when being driven during daytime;

u) “Exterior courtesy lamp” means a lamp used to provide supplementary illumination to assist the entry and exit of the vehicle driver and passenger or in loading operations;

v) “Retro-reflector” means a device used to indicate the presence of a vehicle by the reflection of light emanating from a light source not connected to the vehicle;

w) “Conspicuity marking” means a device intended to increase the conspicuity of a vehicle when viewed from the side or rear (or, in the case of trailers, additionally from the front) by the reflection of light emanating from a light source not connected to the vehicle;

x) “Illuminating surface” means an orthogonal projection of the lamp in a plane perpendicular to its axis of reference and in contact with the exterior light-emitting surface of the lamp. For a retro-reflector, the light-emitting surface is considered to be delimited by planes contiguous to the outermost parts of the retro-reflector’s optical system.

B. Technical requirements

20. Principles

20.1. The colours of lights mentioned in this chapter shall, as far as possible, be in accordance with the definitions given in the international legal instruments concerning wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles.

1) The United Nations Regulations annexed to the Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be fitted and/or be used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of These Prescriptions, done at Geneva on 20 March 1958, or the United Nations Global Technical Regulations developed in the framework of the Agreement concerning the Establishing of Global Technical Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles, done at Geneva on 25 June 1998.

20.2. A specific illuminating function can be performed by more than one lamp.

20.3. Lamps on a given vehicle having the same function and facing in the same direction shall be of the same colour.

Lamps and retro-reflectors which are of even number shall be placed symmetrically in relation to the vehicle’s median longitudinal plane, except on vehicles with an asymmetrical external shape. The intensity of the lamps in each pair shall be substantially the same. These provisions do not apply to an adaptive front lighting system.

20.4. Lamps of different kinds, and, subject to the provisions of other paragraphs of this chapter, lamps and retro-reflectors, may be grouped or incorporated in the same device, provided that each of these lamps and reflectors complies with the applicable provisions of this Annex.

21. Driving beam headlamp, passing beam headlamp, adaptive front lighting system and illuminating surface

21.1. With the exception of motorcycles, every motor vehicle with a maximum authorized design speed exceeding 40 km (25 miles) per hour shall be equipped in front with an even number of white driving beam headlamps or the relevant parts of an adaptive front lighting system.

21.2. With the exception of motorcycles, every motor vehicle with a maximum authorized design speed exceeding 10 km (6 miles) per hour shall be equipped in front with two white passing beam headlamps or the relevant parts of an adaptive front lighting system.

21.3. Subject to the possibility that exemption from all or some of these obligations may be granted in respect of mopeds by Contracting Parties which, in conformity with Article 54 paragraph 2 of the Convention, have declared that they treat mopeds as motorcycles:

a) Every two-wheeled motorcycle with or without a side-car shall be equipped with one or two white passing beam headlamps;

b) Every two-wheeled motorcycle with or without a side-car with an authorized maximum design speed exceeding 40 km (25 miles) per hour may be equipped, in addition to the passing beam headlamps, with at least one white driving-beam headlamp.

c) Every two-wheeled motorcycle with or without a side-car with an authorized maximum design speed exceeding 50 km (31 miles) per hour shall be equipped, in addition to the passing beam headlamps, with one or two white driving-beam headlamp(s).

21.4. The outer edges of the illuminating surfaces of the driving lamps shall in no case be closer to the extreme outer edge of the vehicle than the outer edges of the illuminating surfaces of the passing beam headlamps.

22. Front position lamp and rear position lamp