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33 Protocol bij het Verdrag van 1979 betreffende grensoverschrijdende luchtverontreiniging over lange afstand, inzake de beheersing van emissies van vluchtige organische stoffen of hun grensoverschrijdende stromen

Petroleum industry

Vacuumsystem discharges may be controlled by condensation or by piping to boilers or heaters.

Table 3. VOC-emission control measures, reduction efficiency and costs for the petroleum industry

Source of emission | Emission control measures | Reduction efficiency | Abatement costs and savings

Petroleum refineries - Fugitive emissions | Regular inspection and maintenance | III | Medium costs

- Process-unit turnarounds | Flares/process furnace vapour recovery | I | not available

- Waste-water separator | Floating cover | II | Medium costs/savings

- Vacuum process system | Surface contact condensors Non-condensable VOCs piped to heaters or furnaces | I

- Incineration of sludge Storage of crude oil and products | Thermal incineration | I

- Petrol | Internal floating roofs with secondary seals | I-II | Savings

Floating roof tanks with secondary seals | II | Savings

- Crude oil | Floating roof tanks with secondary seals | II | Savings

- Petrol marketing terminals (loading and unloading of trucks, barges and trains) | Vapour recovery unit | I-II | Savings

- Petrol service stations | Vapour balance on tank trucks (Stage I) | I-II | Low costs/savings

Vapour balance during refuelling (refuelling nozzles) (Stage II) | I (-II

** Will increase with increasing penetration of standardization of vehicle filling pipes.) | Medium costs

* Depending on capacity (station size), retrofitting or new service stations.

Regeling
Protocol bij het Verdrag van 1979 betreffende grensoverschrijdende luchtverontreiniging over lange afstand, inzake de beheersing van emissies van vluchtige organische stoffen of hun grensoverschrijdende stromen
Soort
Verdrag
Geldend vanaf
29-09-1997
BWB-id
BWBV0002848
Versie
1997-09-29_0

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