24 Protocol bij het Verdrag van 1979 betreffende grensoverschrijdende luchtverontreiniging over lange afstand, inzake de beheersing van emissies van vluchtige organische stoffen of hun grensoverschrijdende stromen
Industrial use of solvents
The industrial use of solvents is in many countries the biggest contributor to VOC emissions from stationary sources. Main sectors and control measures, including best available technologies and reduction efficiencies, are listed in table 2, and the best available technology is specified for each sector. There may be differences between small and large or new and old plants. For this reason, the estimated overall reduction potential quoted is below the values implied in table 2. The estimated overall reduction potential for this sector is up to 60%. A further step to reduce episodic ozone formation potential can include the reformulation of the remaining solvents.
Table 2. VOC-emission control measures, reduction efficiency and costs for the solvent-using sector
Source of emission | Emission control measures | Reduction efficiency | Abatement costs and savings
Industrial surface coating | Conversion to:
- powder paints | I | Savings
- low in/not containing VOCs | I-III | Low costs
- high solids | I-III | Savings
Incineration:
- thermal | I-II | Medium to high costs
- catalytic | I-II | Medium costs
Activated carbon adsorption | I-II | Medium costs
Paper surface | Incinerator | I-II | Medium costs
coating | Radiation cure/ waterborne inks | I-III | Low costs
Car manufacturing | Conversion to:
- powder paints | I
- water-based systems | I-II | Low costs
- high solid coating | II
Activated carbon adsorption Incineration with heat recovery | I-II | Low costs
- thermal | I-II
- catalytic | I-II
Commercial painting | Low in/not containing VOCs | I-II | Medium costs
Low in/not containing VOCs | II-III | Medium costs
Printing | Low-solvent/waterbased inks | II-III | Medium costs
Letterpress: radiation cure | I | Low costs
Activated carbon adsorption | I-II | High costs
Absorption
Incineration | I-II
- thermal - catalytic
Biofiltration including buffer filter | I | Medium costs
Metal degreasing | Change-over to systems low in/not containing VOCs Closed machines | I
Activated carbon adsorption | II | Low to high costs
Cover, chilled freeboards | III | Low costs
Dry-cleaning | Recovery dryers and good housekeeping (closed cycles) | II-III | Low to medium costs
Condensation | II | Low costs
Activated carbon adsorption | II | Low costs
Flat wood panelling
Coatings low in/not containing VOCs | I | Low costs
- Regeling
- Protocol bij het Verdrag van 1979 betreffende grensoverschrijdende luchtverontreiniging over lange afstand, inzake de beheersing van emissies van vluchtige organische stoffen of hun grensoverschrijdende stromen
- Soort
- Verdrag
- Geldend vanaf
- 29-09-1997
- BWB-id
- BWBV0002848
- Versie
- 1997-09-29_0